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Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping. They may have difficulty falling asleep, or staying asleep.  Insomnia is typically followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed mood. It may result in an increased risk of motor vehicle collisions, as well as problems focusing and learning.  Insomnia can be short term, lasting for days or weeks, or long term, lasting more than a month.

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Sleep makes you feel better, but its importance goes way beyond just boosting your mood or banishing under-eye circles.
Adequate sleep is a key part of a healthy lifestyle, and can benefit your heart, weight, mind, and more.

Here are some health benefits researchers have discovered about a good night’s sleep:

Improve memory:  Your mind is surprisingly busy while you snooze. During sleep you can strengthen memories or "practice" skills learned while you were awake (it’s a process called consolidation).

Curb Inflammation:  Inflammation is linked to heart disease, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, and premature aging. Research indicates that people who get less sleep, six or fewer hours a night have higher blood levels of inflammatory proteins than those who get more.
Sharpen Attention:  A lack of sleep can result in ADHD-like symptoms in kids.
Lower Stress:  When it comes to our health stress and sleep are nearly one and the same, and both can affect cardiovascular health.
Steer clear of depression:  Sleeping well means more to our overall well-being than simply avoiding irritability.

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Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone that is key to sleep and the sleep-wake cycle in humans. In the body, melatonin is produced by the pineal gland in the brain when night falls. The retina detects failing light, and the level of melatonin gradually increases, reaching its peak in the middle of the night in natural circumstances.  Our circadian rhythm (or ‘body clock’) is influenced by melatonin, as it acts as a ‘time cue’, anticipating sleep. It is also an important physiological regulator of the sleep-wake cycle.  Melatonin is not a sedative, but a sign of darkness or night-time, and is a cue for innate night-time behaviour. In the morning when plasma levels of melatonin decrease, sleep ends and wakefulness begins.  In humans, melatonin induces heat loss, reduces arousal and related brain activity and delays production of cortisol, which increases blood pressure and blood sugar, in preparation for sleep.  The rise in prevalence of sleep disorders associated with age is concomitant with the decrease in melatonin levels that occur with age.

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